Militias as a Tool for Encouraging Ethnic Defection: Evidence from Iraq and Sudan

Criminals, Militias, and Insurgents: Organized Crime in Iraq

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Bribery and Identity: Evidence from Sudan

Using a unique dataset we are able to examine the determinants of identities in Sudan. We find that identification in Sudan is high and that there is little evidence that such identities compete with one another. In terms of socio-economic variables, poorer people tend to have greater identification. Tribal identification declines with the level of education, as does identity with religion and ...

Cultural Contestation as a Tool for Examining Ethnic Conflict

Detection of Ultraweak Photon Emission (UPE) from Cells as a Tool for Pathological Studies

Objective: It is well-known that all living cells emit ultra-weak photon emission (UPE), which is due to byproducts of chemical reactions in cell metabolisms. It has been shown that Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the cells enhances the UPE intensity. The magnitude of such UPE is extremely weak (i.e. a few to 103 photons/ (sec.cm2)), and the detection of such ultra-weak signals is hardly possi...

The Future of Bitcoin as a Tool for Financial Development

The purpose of research is focused on the insight into the future of Bitcoin on the financial situation, its implications and challenges. The problem of study is to investigate how to deal with a new type of digital currencies (such Bitcoin) that does not have a physical presence and there is no specific body to issue. Thus, this study aims to identify the nature of Bitcoin currency and what ar...